[3] He joined the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1904, and was an active member of the Metal Workers' Union from its inception in 1906.

In 1914, along with the other members of the Bolshevik group in the Fourth Duma (apart from the double agent Roman Malinovsky), and was deported the following year to Turkestan.

Badayev returned to Petrograd after the February Revolution in 1917 and became actively involved in the city duma, and in the management of food distribution.

After the Bolshevik Revolution he was appointed chairman of the Food Commissariat for the North West region of Russia.

[5] In the first half of the 1920s he worked as Deputy Chairman of the Petrograd (later the city was renamed Leningrad) gubispolkom (ispolkom of gubernija).