Alfonsine (Romagnol: Agl'infulsẽ or Agl'infulsèn) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Ravenna in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna.

The second hypothesis is attributed to Antonio Polloni, who in his 1966 book Toponomastica Romagnola ("The geographical structure of the region of Romagna"), postulates that the name derives from the Latin term "fossa" (man-made ditch, channel), and that only later, by coincidence, it was influenced by the name of Alfonso Calcagnini.

Alfonsine was founded in 1464 when some land north of the city of Fusignano, consisting primarily of wetlands, was donated by Borso d'Este to Teofilo Calcagnini who began an aggressive reclamation process.

In 1468 Calcagnini expanded his territory through the acquisition of additional land north of Fusignano from a Venetian noble.

However, the living conditions of the commoners were harsh due to heavy taxation by the feudal class which left them impoverished.

On the eve of World War I, from 7 to 13 June 1914, known in Italy as "Settimana Rossa" (Red Week), there was widespread unrest in Alfonsine, during which both the city hall and the church were set on fire.

[6] During World War II, bloody clashes between the occupying Germans, Allied forces and Italian partisans, took place in Alfonsine, especially along the Senio river.

Also noteworthy is the reconstructed "Santuario della Madonna del Bosco" (Shrine of Our Lady of the Woods).