[1][5] In 1934, she received a PhD in microbiology and pathophysiology from Columbia University, with a thesis describing a fungus which attacked roses and returned to Romania.

[2][6][7] Aronescu began working as the head of the laboratory of the Agronomical Research Institute (Romanian: Institutul de Cercetări Agronomice (ICAR)) in 1934,[3] under the director of the section on Plant Pathology, Traian Săvulescu.

Săvulescu's main focus of study was on diseases which effected cereals, fruit trees, and potatoes and analysis of parasite-host relationships, as well as the applicable use of fungicides.

[1][9] Made a full member of the Romanian People's Republic Academy in 1963,[1][8] she was promoted to director of the Institute of Biology in 1964.

[1][8] In 1970, right after leaving a meeting with Nicolae Ceaușescu, the head of state, who informed her that the Institute was being transferred to the Department of Agriculture, Săvulescu suffered a heart attack.