The opera was commissioned for the opening of the current building of the Deutsche Oper Berlin[1] where it premiered on 25 September 1961, the second production in that house.

Jupiter enlists Mercury to plan a new seduction of a mortal, specifically Alkmene, wife of the Theban field commander Amphitryon.

The next morning, the servant Sosias announces Thebes' victory over Athens and the return of the Theban army.

Amphitryon becomes suspicious of his wife's fidelity, and summons witnesses to attest that he did not leave the army camp during the night.

However, the god reveals his true identity, and also tells Alkmene that she has conceived a child, and he will be named Hercules.