[citation needed] However, the designations AWD[1] and all-wheel drive[2] long predated the trend, with Associated Equipment Company (AEC) producing AWD trucks in 1929 in conjunction with the British subsidiary of the pioneering American firm Four Wheel Drive Auto Company.
Additionally, General Motors began manufacturing a line as "all-wheel drive" as early as the late 1930s.
Exotic vehicles such as the high-powered Jensen FF followed by the AMC Eagle, Subaru Leone and Audi Quattro series were the first to offer all-wheel drive in a high-speed road-based car.
These, particularly the Quattro, would extensively develop this drivetrain with the use of viscous couplings and differentials to provide a safe and drivable car.
The first off-road / on-road hybrids such as the Range Rover also chose the permanent all-wheel-drive system rather than manual selection.