The Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve (RDS) covers 2,350,000 hectares (5,800,000 acres) in the north-central part of Amazonas.

[9] In 2003 the property was expanded by the addition of the Anavilhanas National Park, Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve and Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve to form the Central Amazon Conservation Complex, a larger World Heritage Site.

[4] The reserve is home to various rare or endangered species including the golden-backed uakari (Cacajao melanocephalus), Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis), Amazon river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis), bush dog (Speothos venaticus), short-eared dog (Atelocynus microtis), harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja) and the Arapaima fish.

[5] Primates found in the reserve include the mottle-faced tamarin (Saguinus inustus), squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus), tufted capuchin (Sapajus apella), white-fronted capuchin (Cebus albifrons), collared titi (Callicebus torquatus), Venezuelan red howler (Alouatta seniculus), golden-backed uakari (Cacajao melanocephalus) and Spix's night monkey (Aotus vociferans).

The people manage the reserve and engage in agriculture, hunting, fishing and logging.