[7] Lenovo Group Ltd and Kingsoft Corp were shareholders of Joyo.com until Tiger Technology Management LLC entered the corporation by investing $52 million for about 20% of Joyo, making it the third largest stakeholder.

[7] Amazon made many changes to Joyo, like redesigning the website by adding categories and self-service features, as well as implementing new payment methods.

[10] Amazon China sold foreign fashion brands, home interior, toys, personal care and technology to their Chinese customers.

Amazon.com Inc. was already present and operating in the US, Canada, France, Germany, Japan and the UK before they entered the Chinese market.

[12] Amazon.com Inc.’s CEO, Jeff Bezos, expressed excitement over the acquisition, but recognized the challenges of entering the Chinese market.

[3] Due to changes in operation, salaries, customer service and technology by instructions from Amazon, Joyo lost US$13 after the acquisition according to ChinaByte.

[19] Today, Alibaba-owned companies TaoBao and Tmall together make up approximately 55% of the Chinese e-commerce market and JD.com about 25%.

[16] Seller feedback is highly valued on many Chinese e-commerce sites, and many offer rebates or gifts in exchange for comments or ratings.

[22] Amazon has been admitted in 2019 to have a problem with vendors selling counterfeit products, and that the majority of these were located in mainland China.

[28] November 11 was later popularized and promoted by e-commerce retailers like Alibaba as a day to celebrate the lonely ones by buying gifts for themselves.

[29] On this day, retailers offer products like phones, clothing and health care packages to a highly discounted price.

[16] Alibaba sold around 200,000 different brands and generated about US$38 billion in sales on Singles Day in 2019, despite China being in the middle of a trade war with the US.

[29] Despite generating huge sales, Singles Day has been heavily critiqued by environmental activists for contributing to large greenhouse gas emissions.

[35] After the acquisition in 2004, were Amazons biggest competitors in China, Dangdang, Taobao, Pinduoduo, Alibaba, Tmall and JD.com.

In comparison to Alibaba and DangDang, did Amazon not have the same intense marketing approach as their competitors, that often had big sales promotions and campaigns during Chinese holidays.

[39] Amazon.com Inc. announced in 2019 that it would close down their business in China by the 18 July 2019 to focus on cross-border selling to Chinese consumers.

[40] According to Ker Zheng, a marketing specialist at Azoya, they had little competitive advantage in China compared to the other countries they were operating in.