Ancient Airs and Dances (Italian: Antiche arie e danze) is a set of three orchestral suites by Italian composer Ottorino Respighi, freely transcribed from original pieces for lute.

It was based on pieces for lute, archlute, and viol by Fabritio Caroso, Jean-Baptiste Besard, Bernardo Gianoncelli, and an anonymous composer.

(A note by the composer in the printed score states that the work may also be performed by a string quartet, completely omitting the double-bass part.)

It is based on lute songs by Besard, a piece for Baroque guitar by Ludovico Roncalli, and lute pieces by Santino Garsi da Parma and additional anonymous composers.

The Ancient Airs and Dances first two suites were freely transcribed by the composer for piano (2 and 4 hands).