If a pawn captures on eighth rank, it is promoted first and then changes colour.
The game was named after the German town of Andernach, which is the site of annual meetings of fairy chess enthusiasts.
The task is to find a proof game, which would last three moves and lead to the position shown.
Predecessor of Andernach chess was Tibetan chess, in which the black units (called lamas) change colour and piece type when capturing white pieces of a different type.
There is also super-Andernach in which all pieces except kings change colour after every move, whether a capture or not.