Notably, he maintained personal connections with the former royal house of Holstein-Gottorp, which historically held the throne of the Kingdom of Sweden.

Düben gained recognition for being the final Swedish individual, along with Johan Fredrik Ernst von Vegesack, to receive an exile sentence, owing to his implication in the Düben-Vegesack treason incident.

Born in Stockholm, Sweden, into the Düben family, renowned for its contributions to classical music, he held the title of Freiherr.

He later served as a lieutenant during the Franco-Swedish War, earning the military medal For Valour in the Field (Swedish: För tapperhet i fält) in 1807.

[6] Vegesack, who at the time was stationed in Berlin, sent a letter to his friend von Düben, asking him to meet up with Gustav, Prince of Wasa, during a sejour to Vienna in the winter of 1832.