Another traversodontid called Rusconiodon has also been identified from the Cerro de las Cabras Formation but is now considered a junior synonym of Andescynodon.

The paracanine fossa provides room for the canine teeth of the lower jaw, which were especially large in Rusconiodon specimens.

[1] Andescynodon is one of the most basal members of Traversodontidae, a group of cynodonts that was common in South America during the Triassic.

Pascualgnathus is a very close relative of Andescynodon but can be distinguished by the greater amount of incisor and postcanine teeth.

The postcranial bones of Andescynodon are similar to those of the more basal gomphodont Diademodon, suggesting that it had a relatively primitive morphology.