Andijan (/ˌændɪˈdʒæn, -ˈdʒɑːn/ AN-dih-JAN, -⁠JAHN), also spelt Andijon (Uzbek: [ˌændɪˈdʒɒn]) and formerly romanized as Andizhan (Russian: Андижан [əndʲɪˈʐan]), is a city in Uzbekistan.

Manufactured goods produced in the city include chemicals, domestic appliances, electronics, foodstuffs, furniture, plows, pumps, shoes, spare parts for farming machines, various engineering tools, and wheelchairs.

Of the Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi-occupied Poland and banished by the Soviets to Siberia and Central Asia, some relocated to Andijan starting in 1941.

The town, and the region as a whole, suffered a severe economic decline following the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.

Repeated border closures badly damaged the local economy, worsening the already widespread poverty of Andijan's inhabitants.

On 13 May 2005, Uzbekistan's military opened fire on a mass of people who were protesting against poor living conditions and corrupt government.

[20] The Uzbek government at first stated that the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan organized the unrest and that the protesters were members of Hizb ut-Tahrir.

[21] Critics have argued that the radical Islamist label has been just a pretext for maintaining a repressive regime in the country.

Whether troops fired indiscriminately to prevent a colour revolution or acted legitimately to quell a prison break is also disputed.

[17] The Uzbek government eventually acknowledged that poor economic conditions in the region and popular resentment played a role in the uprising.

[26] Andijan is located 450 metres (1,480 ft) above sea level on the southeastern edge of the Fergana Valley, near Uzbekistan's border with Kyrgyzstan.

The city itself is decorated with exotic, ornamental, subtropical, fruit, citrus, nut, coniferous and deciduous crops of trees and shrubs.

In the years of Uzbekistan's independence, great importance was attached to planting exotic and subtropical crops to replace the year-round weedy chinar.

In the city streets, squares, alleys and near administrative buildings began to be planted: Conifers have been well established in Andijan for many decades, and over the last 25 years coniferous and fir trees have become very popular in the city (especially picea abies and blue spruce, archa, juniper, fir, cupressus, pine and cedrus).

Several industrial plants were built in Andijan after the city was connected with Russia with a railway line in 1889.

[10] Manufactured goods produced in the city include chemicals, domestic appliances, electronics, foodstuffs, furniture, plows, pumps, shoes, spare parts for farming machines, various engineering tools, and wheelchairs.

Andijan is also home to over 50 international companies,[citation needed] five of which produce spare parts for GM Uzbekistan.