Andor (André, Andre, Andrei) Arnoldovich Lilienthal[1][2] (5 May 1911 – 8 May 2010) was a Hungarian and Soviet chess player.

In his long career, he played against ten male and female world champions, beating Emanuel Lasker, José Raúl Capablanca, Alexander Alekhine, Max Euwe, Mikhail Botvinnik, Vasily Smyslov, and Vera Menchik.

Lilienthal, of Jewish origin, was born in Moscow, Russian Empire, and moved to Hungary at the age of two.

[10] His best result came in the 1940 championship, when he tied for first with Igor Bondarevsky, ahead of Smyslov, Paul Keres, Isaac Boleslavsky, Botvinnik, and 14 other players.

[15][16] Lilienthal's "most celebrated victory"[2] is his win commanding the white pieces against Capablanca at Hastings 1934–35: The game is famed, and Lilienthal relates, "wherever I went on an exhibition tour, both in the Soviet Union and elsewhere, chess players and fans always asked me to show them how I sacrificed the queen against the great Cuban.