Mallarmé was born in Bouzaréah, Algeria.
He represented the Republican-Socialist Party from 1924 to 1928 and the Independent Radicals from 1928 to 1939 in the Chamber of Deputies.
On 10 July 1940, Mallarmé voted in favour of granting the cabinet presided by Marshal Philippe Pétain authority to draw up a new constitution, thereby effectively ending the French Third Republic and establishing Vichy France.
On 23 January 1941, he was made a member of the National Council of Vichy France.
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