Thouin studied botany under Bernard de Jussieu, and in 1793 attained the chair of horticulture at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris.
He was a good friend of U.S. President Thomas Jefferson, and the godfather of Jean Baptiste Lamarck's son Andre.
He is remembered for contributions made in the field of agronomy, including scientific studies that involved improved grafting techniques and seed selection.
[2] He was a pioneer conservationist, stressing the importance of replacing woodlands to compensate for their destruction due to human encroachment.
[8] Thouin supervised Elisabeth Julienne Pommereul in her work at the Jardin du Roi.