Dräger earned his doctorate at the Center for Bioinformatics in Tübingen (ZBIT), focusing on the dynamic simulation of metabolic networks in a virtual liver.

In 2018 he was appointed as junior professor for Computational Systems Biology of Infections and Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens within Tübingen's newly established interfaculty Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics (IBMI).

Applying metabolic network modeling for this endeavor requires a comprehensive understanding of the underlying processes of mutual interactions between pathogens, commensal bacteria, and their host.

[6][7] This work also requires developing specialized software to create, analyze, and share computer models in systems biology in general.

[11] In 2016, Dräger was one of the founders of the annual community meeting with a special interest in systems modeling (SysMod)[12] within the International Society of Computational Biology (ISCB), where he served as the de facto chairman from 2018 until he stepped down in 2022.

[13] During the COVID-19 pandemic, Dräger's work regarding computational modeling of SARS-CoV-2 within human cells[14][15] raised international interest[c][d][e][f][g][h][i] because it predicted potentially exploitable targets for drug development.