Imprisoned for two years following this fall-out, Shipanga was arrested and held in detention in Zambia then Tanzania until 1978.
The National Party had won the 1948 election in South Africa, subsequently apartheid legislation was introduced.
[1] Shipanga returned to South-West Africa in 1960 and went into exile in 1963 where he helped established several SWAPO offices and military training camps.
Shipanga later related the poor performance of SWAPO D in the first democratic elections of Namibia to his involvement in this controversial body.
[1] Shipanga died from a heart attack on 10 May 2012 at Uuhehe settlement in the Oshikoto Region of northern Namibia.