He later attended a gymnasium in Krupina and at the Lutheran lyceums in Banská Štiavnica and Bratislava.

He continued his studies in theology at the University of Halle, Germany (1843–44).

After he became a pastor, he served in Hrochoť from 1847 to 1856, and from then until his death in Radvaň nad Hronom.

He was a member of the Ľudovít Štúr's group and was also one of the founders of the Matica slovenská.

Sládkovič also translated works from German (Goethe), Russian (Pushkin) and French (Voltaire, Jean Racine).