[5] He is the author of several books on economics including Fair Trade for All which he co-authored with Joseph Stiglitz,[5] and most recently Australia's Pivot to India.

[5] Notably, Charlton was Australia's senior official sent to the Copenhagen Climate Conference in 2009 at the request of then-Prime Minister Rudd.

[7] In 2009 Charlton made news after he was threatened by then-Opposition Leader Malcolm Turnbull at the Midwinter Ball over the now disproven Utegate scandal.

In 2015, Charlton founded AlphaBeta Advisors, a consulting and technology firm and served as its director until it was acquired by Accenture in February 2020.

[10] In October 2021 then-Member for Parramatta Julie Owens announced she would not contest the next election, creating an open preselection for the seat.

[18] The idea is put forth that the present regime of tariffs and agricultural subsidies is dominated by the interests of former colonial powers and needs to change.

In Ozonomics, Charlton examines the true accuracy of the mythology surrounding the economic management of the Howard-Costello years in Australia.

On 27 September 2023 Charlton launched Australia's Pivot to India at Parramatta Riverside Theatre alongside Prime Minister Anthony Albanese.