[6] As a member of the Vaughan Kings AA team, Cogliano played in the 2001 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament.

[12] As a member of the Double Blues, Cogliano surpassed Jason Spezza's points-per-game program record en route to the 2003 Goetz Classic Cup.

[20] He ranked third on the team in scoring with 19 points through his first 17 games[19] but struggled after returning from the 2006 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships.

[23] However, he then missed numerous games in December due to a shoulder injury and the 2007 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships.

Unlike the previous season, Cogliano had time to recover after the World Juniors and quickly returned to his scoring prowess.

Before the league's three-day Christmas break, Cogliano ranked fourth on the Oilers with six goals and 10 assists and seventh among all NHL rookies.

[32] In mid-January, Cogliano began centering the Oilers' "Kid line" with Sam Gagner and Robert Nilsson to boost scoring among the trio.

[40] While the "Kid line" was reunited to start the 2008-09 season,[41] they were occasionally split up over October and November due to scoring lapses.

[49] In June 2009, Cogliano was confirmed to be a part of a planned trade that would include Ladislav Šmíd and Dustin Penner being sent to the Ottawa Senators in exchange for Dany Heatley.

[57] After Tom Gilbert suffered a late-season injury, Cogliano secured the team's active ironman record by playing in 326th consecutive NHL game.

[63] A few days later, on March 2, he played in his 393rd consecutive game to tie Jarome Iginla on the NHL's active ironman list.

[1] Due to the 2012–13 NHL lockout, Cogliano and former teammate Sam Gagner played for the EC KAC in the Erste Bank Eishockey Liga.

[74] In his 500th consecutive NHL game on December 31, Cogliano tallied his 12th goal of the season to lead the Ducks 3–2 over the San Jose Sharks.

[84] Due to a League-wide mumps outbreak, various games were postponed and the Ducks cancelled numerous public appearances for health and sanitary reasons.

[86] As he remained healthy, Cogliano overtook Jay Bouwmeester for the league's active Ironman streak after the latter suffered an injury on November 23.

[88] On February 21, Cogliano played in his 600th consecutive NHL game while helping the Ducks secure a 2–1 win over the Edmonton Oilers.

[84] He scored three assists in Game 3 of the Western Conference first round[81] to help lead the Ducks to an eventual series sweep of the Winnipeg Jets.

[97] Following the offseason departure of Palmieri, Cogliano played on the Ducks' "shutdown" line with Ryan Kesler and Jakob Silfverberg for the majority of the 2015–16 season.

[99] On October 26, Cogliano played in his 630th consecutive game to tie Andy Hebenton for the second-longest streak in league history since the start of an NHL career.

After breaking a 17-game scoreless streak on January 15, 2016, against the Ottawa Senators, Cogliano secured ninth place on the franchise's all-time scoring list.

[107] At the end of the season, Cogliano was nominated by the Ducks for the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy for the fourth time in his career.

[112] On February 26, 2019, while playing against the Vegas Golden Knights, Cogliano left the game with an upper-body injury after being hit by Ryan Reaves.

[citation needed] On July 28, 2021, having left the Stars as a free agent after three seasons, Cogliano was signed to a one-year, $1 million contract with the San Jose Sharks.

On March 21, 2022, set to become an unrestricted free agent and with the Sharks out of playoff contention, Cogliano agreed to be dealt by San Jose to the contending Colorado Avalanche in exchange for a 2024 fifth-round draft selection.

[117] He played eighteen games in the remainder of the regular season, recording one assist, before the Avalanche entered the 2022 Stanley Cup playoffs.

[119] In Game 4, Cogliano injured his hand blocking a shot, and had to exit in advance of the Avalanche completing their sweep of the Oilers to qualify for the 2022 Stanley Cup Finals.

[120] He was ultimately able to return to play in the Finals, despite a broken finger, and earned praise from teammates for motivating them in advance of the Cup-clinching Game 6 against the Lightning.

[126] In his final season with the St. Michael's Buzzers, Cogliano represented Canada at the 2004 World U-17 Hockey Challenge, where he led the team in scoring.

[36] In 2005–06, Cogliano represented Canada in the 2006 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships in Vancouver, winning a gold medal.

Cogliano again won gold with Canada at the following 2007 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, in Sweden, registering 1 goal and 2 assists for 3 points in 6 appearances.