Andrew Fraser Read FRS[1] is Evan Pugh professor of biology and entomology at Pennsylvania State University and the Director of the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences.

[9] He moved on to the University of Oxford where he was awarded a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1989 for research supervised by Paul H.

His work on malaria has provided a substantial body of experimental evidence to show that within-host selective pressures drive the evolution of both virulence and drug resistance.

Integrating mathematical models with his experimental evidence, he proposed the controversial hypothesis that some vaccines can prompt evolution of more virulent pathogen strains.

He also developed both the theory and the proof of principle for the production of evolution-proof insecticides and provided the critical experimental evidence that animals have genetic variation in tolerance, a host defence mechanism which complements the more conventionally studied resistance.