Before, he was a long-time senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

1928), worked for the apparatus of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

From 1987 to 1990, he worked as a senior consultant at the judicial committee of criminal cases at the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.

Initially, he served as a journalist and later took on the role of deputy editor, gaining valuable experience in the field of journalism and media management.

In January 2000, he decided to transition to a different role within the field of journalism and became a political journalist.