Anemonoides quinquefolia (French: anémone à cinq folioles), a flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, is native to North America.

Anemonoides quinquefolia is a perennial herbaceous plant with a horizontal underground rhizome 1–3 mm (0.04–0.12 in) thick.

Each leaflet is up to 5 cm (2.0 in) long, with serrate leaf margins (edges) and branched (not parallel) veins.

The fruits are beaked achenes 2.5–4.5 millimetres (0.1–0.2 in) long, oblong in shape with hooked styles.

Anemonoides quinquefolia is a member of a species complex that includes A. grayi, A. lancifolia, A. oregana, and A. piperi.

[2] The Flora of North America accepts and treats two varieties of Anemonoides quinquefolia: The two are distinguished mainly by the size of the achene (the fruit), the body of which is 2.5–3 mm (0.10–0.12 in) in A. q. var.

bifolia,[10] but Kew's Plants of the World Online lists no accepted infraspecific taxa for this species.

It ranges from Manitoba across the Great Lakes region to Nova Scotia, south along the Appalachian Mountains to central Alabama.

The small rhizomes are situated just below the surface in the humus-rich layer of decaying tree leaves.

[13] This habit protects the reproductive organs, maintains the viability of pollen, and may be a possible defensive strategy against herbivores.