[4] Melnikova competed at the International Gymnix competition in Montreal and won the team gold medal alongside Anastasia Ilyankova, Daria Skrypnik, and Ekaterina Sokova.

[6] At the European Championships, Melnikova competed in the junior division alongside teammates Maria Bondareva, Daria Skrypnik, Seda Tutkhalyan, and Anastasia Dmitrieva.

[7] At the end of the year, she competed at the Top Gym Tournament in Charleroi and won gold in the all-around, vault, and uneven bars finals.

She, alongside teammates Daria Skrypnik, Evgeniya Shelgunova, and Natalia Kapitonova, won the silver medal in the team competition.

[11] Then at the Voronin Cup in December, she won a silver medal with teammate Maria Kharenkova, and she finished second in the junior all-around behind Kapitonova.

[15] In April, she won her first senior national all-around title; additionally, she placed first on balance beam and floor exercise and finished fifth on uneven bars.

[19][20] In July, Melnikova was selected to represent Russia at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil alongside Aliya Mustafina, Maria Paseka, Daria Spiridonova, and Seda Tutkhalyan.

[21] Due to her successful junior career and early season performances, she was expected to advance to numerous Olympic event finals and be in contention for an all-around medal.

She finished fourth on vault but won gold on the uneven bars and silver on balance beam and floor exercise behind Mai Murakami on each.

[28] Melnikova participated in the Stuttgart World Cup in March, placing second behind Germany's Tabea Alt due to a fall off the balance beam.

[32] Later that month, it was announced that she would attend the European Championships as part of the Russian team, along with Elena Eremina, Natalia Kapitonova, and Olympic teammate Maria Paseka.

[34] During the floor exercise final, she performed a clean routine which resulted in her winning the gold medal ahead of British gymnast Ellie Downie and Eythora Thorsdottir from the Netherlands.

[38] After the World Championships, Melnikova competed at the Mexican Open and won bronze in the three-event all-around behind Yesenia Ferrera and Cătălina Ponor.

[41] Melnikova started off her season at the Stuttgart World Cup, where she finished fourth after making mistakes on both the balance beam and floor exercise.

[43] In April, she competed at the City of Jesolo Trophy where she claimed a gold medal with the Russian team, ahead of Italy and Brazil.

[44] On vault, she won a silver medal and on uneven bars she claimed the bronze behind teammate Anastasia Ilyankova and USA's Ragan Smith.

In the event finals, she earned a silver on vault behind Viktoria Trykina, gold on uneven bars, balance beam, and floor exercise.

Together with her teammates Simakova, Irina Alexeeva, Lilia Akhaimova, and Yuliana Perebinosova, she earned a gold medal in the team event.

[49] On 29 September, Melnikova was named to compete at the World Championships in Doha, Qatar, alongside Akhaimova, Alexeeva, Aliya Mustafina, and Simakova.

[51] During the team final, Melnikova competed on vault, uneven bars, and floor exercise, helping Russia win the silver medal.

[61] At the European Championships, Melnikova won bronze in the all-around final behind Mélanie de Jesus dos Santos of France and Ellie Downie of Great Britain.

[64] In May, it was announced that Melnikova would compete at the European Games alongside Aliya Mustafina (later replaced by Anastasia Ilyankova) and Aleksandra Shchekoldina.

[71] Shortly after the conclusion of the Russian Cup, Melnikova was named to the nominative team for the 2019 World Championships alongside Akhaimova, Spiridonova, Anastasia Agafonova, Angelina Simakova (later replaced by Maria Paseka),[72] and Aleksandra Shchekoldina.

[76] During the uneven bars final, she performed a clean routine and earned a score of 14.733, finishing fourth behind Nina Derwael of Belgium, Becky Downie of Great Britain, and Lee.

[77] After the World Championships, Melnikova competed at the Tokyo International Cup in Aichi, Japan where she won gold on vault, uneven bars, and balance beam and placed seventh on floor exercise.

[83] In late September, it was announced that Melnikova would be competing at an upcoming competition in Hiroshima to take place in November alongside Lilia Akhaimova (later replaced by Aleksandra Shchekoldina), Elena Gerasimova, and Yana Vorona.

[100] In September, it was announced that Melnikova would compete at the upcoming World Championships alongside Yana Vorona, Maria Minaeva, and Olympic teammate Urazova.

[118] In 2024 Melnikova placed first in the all-around at the Russian Championships; additionally she won gold on vault, balance beam, and floor exercise and bronze on uneven bars.

Individually she won gold on vault and silver on balance beam; additionally she recorded the third highest all-around score but did not medal due to two-per-country limitations.

[121] Following the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Melnikova received the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", as well as the title of Honoured Master of Sport in the Russian Federation.