The church had its origin in a 2005 split in which the Diocese of Recife, led by Robinson Cavalcanti, left the Anglican Episcopal Church of Brazil, because it had rejected the official Anglican stance on homosexuality, expressed at the Lambeth 1.10 Resolution in 1998.

The Diocese of Recife organized in the Anglican Church-Diocese of Recife and became associated to the Global South, as an extraprovincial diocese, and the Global Anglican Future Conference.

On 12 May 2018 the Anglican Church in Brazil was constituted as a province, with three dioceses, 54 communities, and Miguel Uchôa as the first Archbishop and Primate.

[4] Archbishop Peter Jensen argues that the division was "not over a matter of church politics or personal ambition" but was "a matter of the fundamentals of the faith, of what makes a true church, of the authority of God's word.

[10] The Anglican Church in Brazil was represented at GAFCON III, held in Jerusalem, on 17–22 June 2018, by a 15-member delegation, including Primate Miguel Uchôa.