It is centred in the city of Adelaide in the state of South Australia and extends along the eastern shore of the Gulf St Vincent from the town of Eudunda in the north to Aldgate in the south.

The incumbent Archbishop of Adelaide since 2017 has been Geoffrey Smith, who has also been the Anglican Primate of Australia since 2020.

[3] Following a process of nomination, an election synod held in December 2016 resolved to invite Geoffrey Smith, then an assistant bishop in the Diocese of Brisbane, to be the 10th Archbishop of Adelaide.

[5] On 7 April 2020, Smith was elected as the Primate of Australia, the first Archbishop of Adelaide to hold the office.

[9] The current assistant bishops in the diocese are: In 1866, there was one archdeaconry: W. J. Woodcock was Archdeacon of Adelaide.