[4] The conflict followed the failure of the Anglo-French alliance of 1624, in which England had tried to find an ally in France against the power of the House of Habsburg.

[5] In June 1626, Walter Montagu was sent to France to contact dissident noblemen, and from March 1627 started to organize a French rebellion in La Rochelle.

The plan was to send an English fleet to encourage rebellion, as a new Huguenot revolt by Henri, Duke of Rohan and his brother Soubise was being triggered.

In June 1627 Buckingham organised a landing on the nearby island of Île de Ré with 6,000 men in order to help the Huguenots.

An English force led by David Kirke launched a campaign against New France in 1628 their target being the French colony of Quebec under the command of Samuel de Champlain.

The English succeeded in capturing a supply convoy bound for New France, severely impairing that colony's ability to resist attack.

With the Peace of Alès in April 1629 which settled concessions to the defeated Huguenots, Richelieu's first step was to end hostilities with England in order to try to break the Hapsburg encirclement of France.

[2] England and France were thus able to negotiate a peace at the Treaty of Susa which saw no benefits to each other, and amounted to little more than a return to the 'status quo ante bellum'.

[4] A peace treaty was also signed with Spain in 1630 – England's disengagement from European affairs dismayed Protestant forces on the continent.