This quantifier elimination theorem was used by Jan Denef in 1984 to prove a conjecture of Jean-Pierre Serre on rationality of various p-adic Poincaré series, and subsequently these methods have been applied to prove rationality of a wide range of generating functions in group theory (e.g. subgroup growth) and number theory by various authors, notably Dan Segal and Marcus du Sautoy.

Macintyre worked with Zoé Chatzidakis and Lou van den Dries on definable sets over finite fields generalising the estimates of Serge Lang and André Weil to definable sets and revisiting the work of James Ax on the logic of finite and pseudofinite fields.

With Alex Wilkie he proved the decidability of real exponential fields (solving a problem of Alfred Tarski) modulo Schanuel's conjecture from transcendental number theory.

Together with David Marker and Lou van den Dries, he proved several results on the model theory of the real field equipped with restricted analytic functions, which has had many applications to exponentiation and O-minimality.

The work of van den Dries-Macintyre-Marker has found many applications to (and is a very natural setting for problems in) Diophantine geometry on Shimura varieties (Anand Pillay, Sergei Starchenko, Jonathan Pila) and representation theory (Wilfried Schmid and Kari Vilonen).

Macintyre and Jamshid Derakhshan have developed a model theory for the adele ring of a number field where they prove results on quantifier elimination and measurability of definable sets.

Jamshid Derakhshan and Angus Macintyre solved in 2023 affirmatively a problem of James Ax posed in his 1968 paper on the elementary theory of finite fields on decidability of the class of all Z/mZ.