In 2014, Kalinina partnering with Elizaveta Kulichkova won the girls' doubles tournament at the Australian Open, defeating Katie Boulter and Ivana Jorović in the final.

[citation needed] At the 2018 US Open, Kalinina had her singles main-draw debut in a Grand Slam tournament, after winning three matches in the qualifying.

[citation needed] At the French Open, she reached the second round as a qualifier, defeating 26th seed and three-time major champion Angelique Kerber.

[citation needed] Although Kalinina fell in the last round of the Wimbledon qualifying, she won the $60k Montpellier and $100k Contrexéville trophies over the next two weeks to take her 2021 ITF title haul to four.

[4][5] Kalinina won her first WTA 125 title in December at the Open de Limoges, defeating Clara Tauson in the final.

[10] Seeded fourth at the Upper Austria Ladies Linz, Kalinina lost in the second round to qualifier Anna-Lena Friedsam.

[13][14] She reached her maiden WTA 1000 final and only second of her career, in another long match lasting almost three hours, toppling again Veronika Kudermetova.

[18][19] Kalinina made the last four at the Rouen Open with a quarterfinal win over fifth seed Mirra Andreeva[20] before losing in a deciding set to Magda Linette.

[21] She also reached the semifinals at the Strasbourg Open defeating top seed Markéta Vondroušová in three sets in the quarterfinals[22] but missing out on a place in the final at the hands of Danielle Collins.

[28] Kalinina started her 2025 season at the Brisbane International, where she reached the semifinals with wins over Yafan Wang,[29] fifth seed Diana Shnaider,[30] Yuan Yue[31] and wildcard entrant Kimberly Birrell.

[33] Seeded fourth at the Transylvania Open, Kalinina defeated wildcard entrant Elena-Gabriela Ruse[34] and Suzan Lamens[35] to make it through to the quarterfinals, where she was eliminated by lucky loser Aliaksandra Sasnovich.