Anna Pavlovna Maximovitch (8 May 1901, Chernigov – c. 20 July 1943, Plötzensee Prison, Berlin) was a Russian aristocrat and neuropsychiatrist[a],[1] who became an informer and important member of the Red Orchestra organisation in France during World War II.
[4] In Paris, Maximovitch joined the French Army and trained as a nurse before taking part in the Great Syrian Revolt, in a campaign against the Druze during 1925–1926.
[1] Through her brother, she was introduced to Leopold Trepper in November 1940,[9] who at the time was the technical director of a Soviet espionage network in Europe.
Maximovitch also had a special arrangement with Bishop Emanuel-Anatole-Raphaël Chaptal de Chanteloup of Paris that gave her access to the Vatican.
[15] Maximovitch was arrested with her brother on 12 December 1942[16] at 14 rue Émile Zola in Choisy-le-Roi[1] by French police and taken to be interrogated at Rue des Saussaies by members of the Sonderkommando Rote Kapelle, a special Gestapo and Abwehr commission established to track down members of the Red Orchestra in France, Belgium and Low Countries.
[1] A trial was held on 8 March 1943 at 62–64 Rue du Faubourg-Saint-Honoré by Luftwaffe Judge Manfred Roeder, where she was sentenced to death by decapitation.