Canellales Piperales Myristicaceae Magnoliaceae Degeneriaceae Himantandraceae Eupomatiaceae Annonaceae Laurales Anaxagorea Ambavioideae Bocageeae Guatterieae Duguetieae Xylopieae Annoneae Monodoreae Uvarieae Piptostigmateae Malmeeae Maasieae Fenerivieae Phoenicantheae Dendrokingstonieae Monocarpieae Miliuseae In a phylogeny-based reclassification of the family[5] four subfamilies are recognised: Anaxagoreoideae (including just Anaxagorea), Ambavioideae, Annonoideae, and Malmeoideae.

Keys for the identification of Annonaceae genera (separately for Neotropical, African/Madagascan, and Asian/Australian taxa) are presented in:[10] For a concise bibliographic overview of the taxonomic literature (1900 to 2012) see:[11] Both plastid DNA markers and morphological characters provide evidence that Anaxagorea is the sister clade to the rest of the family.

[12][13][14] The oldest fossil evidence of Annonaceae is described as the genus Futabanthus, from the Late Cretaceous (Coniacian) of Japan,[15] which represents a minimum age of c. 89 million years ago for the most recent common ancestor (crown group) of the family.

[16] The ages of Annonaceae clades inferred using fossil evidence and molecular clock-based dating techniques suggests that the pantropical distribution of the family originated subsequent to the break-up of the Gondwanan supercontinent, as the result of a combination of geodispersal tracking the expansion of the boreotropical flora during the Eocene and more recent long-distance dispersal events.

Hubera is characterized by reticulate tertiary venation, axillary inflorescences, 1 ovule per ovary, seeds with flat to slightly raised raphes, and other characters.

This genus was created after phylogenetic analysis that highly supported an unclassified species from Thailand being sister to S. cauliflorus as a monophyletic group.

Rafinesque, 1815 The large, edible, pulpy fruits of some members, typically called anona by Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking people of the family's Neotropical range, include species of Annona: custard apple (A. reticulata), cherimoya (A. cherimola), soursop/guanábana/graviola (A. muricata), sweetsop (A. squamosa), ilama (A. macroprophyllata), soncoya (A. purpurea), atemoya (a cross between A. cherimola and A. squamosa); and biriba (A. mucosa).

Consumption of the neotropical annonaceous plant Annona muricata (soursop, graviola, guanabana) has been strongly associated as a causal agent in "atypical Parkinsonism".

[34] Flower petals from sacred earflower (Cymbopetalum penduliflorum) and from related species C. costaricense[35] were traditionally used to flavor chocolate[36] before the arrival of cinnamon and the other Old World spices.

[citation needed] The acetogenin compounds, which occur in the fruit, seeds, and leaves of many Annonaceae, including soursop (Annona muricata), are neurotoxins and seem to be the cause of a neurodegenerative disease.