gambiae mosquito additionally transmits Wuchereria bancrofti which causes lymphatic filariasis, a symptom of which is elephantiasis.

[citation needed] Identification to the individual species level using the molecular methods of Scott et al. (1993)[8] can have important implications in subsequent control measures.

gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) has been discovered to be currently in a state of diverging into two different species—the Mopti (M) and Savannah (S) strains—though as of 2007, the two strains are still considered to be a single species.

[citation needed] Holt et al., 2002 and Neafsey et al., 2016 find transposable elements to be ~13% of the genome, similar to Drosophila melanogaster (also in Diptera).

This is especially true in the cytochrome P450s, Wilding et al., 2009 finding 1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)/26 base pairs.

[17] The entire Culicidae family may or may not conserve epigenetic mechanisms – as of 2012[update] this remains unresolved.

[18] Toward answering this question, Marhold et al., 2004 compare their own previous work in Drosophila melanogaster against new sequences of D. pseudoobscura and An.

[18] Hosts include Bos taurus, Capra hircus, Ovis aries and Sus scrofa.

[19] Parasites include Plasmodium berghei (for which it also serves as a vector),[20][21][22] and the bioinsecticides/entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium robertsii[20] and Beauveria bassiana.

gambiae, and utilizes it to knock out fibrinogen related protein 1 (FREP1), thereby severely reducing infection of the mosquito by P. berghei and P.

gambiae with knockdown resistance (kdr) are more susceptible to DDT if they are first infected with Plasmodium berghei[20][21] and Farenhorst et al., 2009 the same for Metarhizium robertsii or Beauveria bassiana.

[24] The Brazilian government assisted by the Rockefeller Foundation in a programme spearheaded by Fred Soper eradicated these mosquitoes from this area.

This effort was modeled on the earlier success in eradication of Aedes aegypti as part of the yellow fever control program.

Mugumbate et al., 2013 provides in solution and membrane bound structures from a nuclear magnetic resonance investigation.