The family originates from Anreppen, a village on Lippe river in Westfalia, Germany (now a part of Delbrück town).
In 15th century Anreps, belonging to the Teutonic Knights, settled in Livonia.
Anrep family was soon naturalized in Sweden and introduced to the Riddarhuset, or House of Knights, in 1635.
By 1710, in the Great Northern War between Peter I of Russia and Charles XII of Sweden, Frederick Wilhelm I von Anrep, a captain in the Swedish army, had been taken to Moscow as a prisoner.
From that time his branch of the family remained in Russia, serving the Tsars, generally in military or naval posts.