Anthony Arie Hyman (born 27 May 1962) FRS MAE is a British scientist[2][3] and director at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics.

While at King's College, Cambridge, Hyman worked under the supervision of John White and was a key researcher in Sydney Brenner's Caenorhabditis elegans group.

Of his many contributions to the field of molecular biology, he is best known for two discoveries in particular: In 2000, his team pioneered the use of RNA interference to define the "parts lists" for different cytoplasmic processes.

And in 2009, he, together with Cliff Brangwynne and Frank Julicher, made a fundamental breakthrough by being the first to observe that compartments in cells can form by phase separation.

Aberrant phase transitions within liquid-like compartments may underlie amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative and age-related diseases.

[30][31] He received the 2021 HFSP Nakasone Award[32] together with Clifford Brangwynne and he was elected a member of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina in 2021.

[34] For 2023 he was awarded the Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences for discovering a fundamental mechanism of cellular organization mediated by phase separation of proteins and RNA into membraneless liquid droplets.