Anderson played four seasons of college basketball under head coach Steve Lappas at the University of Massachusetts Amherst with the Minutemen.

After leaving UMass, Anderson shortly competed as a rookie with the PAWS London Capital following a brief hiatus in his career, in which he only played locally for personal reasons.

"[6] Anderson decided to play college basketball for the UMass Minutemen over Florida State, Villanova, and St.

"[9] On November 16, 2011, Anderson took part in his first official collegiate game against Arkansas–Little Rock, scoring 10 points, grabbing 5 rebounds, and recording 4 assists.

[5] At the team banquet, Anderson won the Mark Donoghue Most Productive Player Award for "having numbers in every category.

"[21] Anderson topped his previous scoring record on January 2, 2003, when he posted 25 points vs. NC State and helped his team capture the victory.

[34] He finished his collegiate career with the second-most threes, the third-most steals, the fifth-highest three-point field goal percentage, the seventh-most assists, and the 19th most points in school history.

Following his graduation, Anderson returned to his alma mater and began serving as an assistant coach at Lynn English High School under Buzzy Barton.

At the event, Anderson scored 51 points against Detroit Pistons player Will Blalock and led his Lynn-based team to the championship by hitting a buzzer-beating three-pointer in the finals.

[40] On November 12, 2007, Anderson returned to the United States and was signed by the Manchester Millrats of the American Basketball Association (ABA).

General manager Ian McCarthy said, "Anthony gives us another super-talented point guard who can also break down the defense and really light up the scoreboard.

[47] Anderson's strong performance in his rookie season helped him participate in a three-day tryout for the NBA's Indiana Pacers in June 2008.

[38] He expected to take part in the team's training camp, but a trade involving Jarrett Jack and T. J. Ford led him to never receive the invitation.

[54] He then returned to the Manchester Millrats and made his first appearance since the tryout on February 20, 2010, making a buzzer-beating jumper to top the Vermont Frost Heaves.

The next day, Anderson scored 23 points against Puerto Rico Capitanes, the combined performances helping him win Player of the Week honors.

The team had changed locations from Manchester, New Hampshire to Saint John, New Brunswick in Canada prior to the start of the season.

[50] The Saint John Mill Rats moved to the newly created National Basketball League of Canada (NBL) for the 2011–12 season.

[63] In Game 1 of the NBL Canada Playoffs vs the London Lightning, Anderson recorded 26 points and 12 assists, going 6-of-7 from beyond the arc and 4-of-4 on free throws.

[69] Anderson made his regular season debut on November 2, 2012, putting up 24 points, 7 assists, and 5 rebounds vs. the Summerside Storm.

[71] However, he left the Mill Rats in mid-February and did not take part in the NBL Canada playoffs after signing a contract with El Jaish of the Qatari Basketball League.

[74] Entering January 1, 2014, Anderson led the Mill Rats in scoring and stood 0.15 points per game behind Stefan Bonneau for being the top scorer in the NBL Canada.

[76] In early February 2014, Anderson scored over 30 points in consecutive games against the Mississauga Power and the Brampton A's of the Central Division.

[81] In his season opener, Anderson scored 21 points and recorded seven assists to push Saint John past the Miracles on November 1, 2014.

[83] He scored 30 or more points in just one of the remaining 16 regular season games, and the Mill Rats exited the playoffs after losing in the first round to the Storm, 2–3, in the best-of-five series.

[83] On November 19, 2015, Anderson re-signed with the Mill Rats along with fellow former NBL Canada MVP, Gabe Freeman.

[88][89] On December 30, Anderson paced Saint John with 33 points, pairing with Doug Herring, Jr. to lead the team to a win over the Miracles.

[89] He made a three-pointer with 25 seconds left in regulation, but Hurricanes' Shane Gibson equalized the score and forced overtime.

[94] Anthony is the older brother of Antonio Anderson, who is currently the head coach for the boys basketball team at Lynn English High School.

Antonio played college basketball with the Memphis Tigers under head coach John Calipari and was most notably named Conference USA Defensive Player of the Year in 2009.

[95] The National Basketball Association (NBA) team, the Oklahoma City Thunder, signed him to multiple 10-day contracts in February 2010.