The Anti-Lebanon mountains (Arabic: جبال لبنان الشرقية, romanized: Jibāl Lubnān ash-Sharqiyyah, lit.

Its Western name Anti-Lebanon comes from the Greek and Latin Antilibanus, derived from its position opposite (anti-) and parallel to the Mount Lebanon range (Libanus).

The mountains end in the south with Mount Hermon, which borders on the Golan Heights; the Golan Heights are a different geological and geomorphological entity, but geopolitically they are often regarded together with the southern slopes of Mount Hermon, both being Syrian territory occupied by Israel.

The mountains provide a rain shadow to the region on their east on their leeward side, such as the Syrian Desert.

The grazing by sheep and goats has led to increased erosion of the remaining forests and substantial deterioration of soil and vegetation.