As a member of the important family of Choiseul,[3] he was Grand Aumônier to Stanisław Leszczyński, titular king of Poland, at his court at Nancy, Lorraine, from 1742, in which year he was promoted to Primate of the church of Lorraine.
He was elected archbishop of Besançon, 17 March 1755, and raised to the cardinalate by Pope Clement XIII in the consistory of 23 November 1761.
The younger son of Antoine-Clériadus, Count of Choiseul, Marquis of Beaupré, seigneur of Daillecourt (1664—1726)[4] he was born at the family château of Daillecourt (Haute-Marne ), in the diocese of Langres, France.
He carried the French court sinecure of Aumônier du Roi from 1736.
The name was also carried by his namesake, Claude Antoine Clériadus de Choiseul (1733 — 1794), created Prince of -Beaupré.