Linhart was born in the Upper Carniolan town of Radovljica, at the time part of the Habsburg monarchy, and baptized Thomas Antonius Leanhorht.
Marcus Antonius Kappus von Pichelstein (1657–1717), worked as a Jesuit missionary in Sonora (i.e., the border region between today's United States and Mexico).
Carolus Josephus Kappus von Pichelstein, a nephew of Marcus Antonius, was member of the Academia Operosorum, which was founded in Ljubljana in 1693 after the example of similar academies in Italy.
There, he met several intellectuals, including Sigmund Zois, Valentin Vodnik, Jernej Kopitar, Jurij Japelj and others, in whose company he developed an interest in Slovene language, culture, and history.
As a historian he wrote a two-volumed work in German Versuch einer Geschichte von Krain und der übrigen südlichen Slaven Oesterreichs (An Essay on the History of Carniola and Other Austrian South Slavs).
The second, titled Versuch einer Geschichte von Krain und den übrigen Ländern der südlichen Slaven Oesterreichs (An Essay on the History of Carniola and Other Lands of the Austrian South Slavs) was published in 1791.
It deals with the age of migrations, the Slavic settlement in the Eastern Alps and later political development of the Slovene people, starting from Samo realm and Carantania.
Initially, he had a favourable opinion of the reforms of the Emperor Joseph II, but he was critical of his centralist policies as well as of his neglect of the various regional languages in the Habsburg Empire.