Antonio Canales Rosillo (1802 in Monterrey, Nuevo León – 1852 in Camargo, Tamaulipas) was a 19th-century Mexican politician, surveyor, and military officer also known for co-founding the short-lived Republic of the Rio Grande.
Canales was in discord with President Antonio López de Santa Anna's Centralist move against the Mexican Constitution of 1824.
He served as commander-in-chief of the army of the rebellion and, along with José María Jesús Carbajal, sought to establish the Republic of the Rio Grande during the short existence of that entity in 1840.
He served under General Pedro de Ampudia at Cerralvo, Nuevo León, and under Santa Anna during the Battle of Buena Vista.
[4] Some sources say that he died in 1852 after leading the government forces that suppressed a rebellion in Camargua; other sources say that he died in his house in Miquihuana, Tamaulipas on January 19, 1869 and that his remains were buried in the church of San Juan Bautista de Miquihuana.