Antonio Duvergé

He is primarily remembered both for the battles he commanded in this feat and for the enmity he aroused against general and President Pedro Santana, who was in charge of promoting the military junta that later sentenced him to death along with his son Alcides in 1855.

After victory was proclaimed by the Dominican side, Duvergé would become known nationally as one of the best prepared soldiers in the country at that time, earning nicknames such as "The sentinel of the border" or the "Sun Tzu of the machete."

Duvergé is not only recognized as a fundamental part of his adoptive nation, the Dominican Republic, obtaining its freedom, but also as a representative in the flesh of the desire for universal justice without ties related to the ethnic and social origin of an individual.

His grandson, Louis Duverger, lord of La Rochejacquelein, was a devout supporter of Henry II of France and was seriously wounded at the Battle of Arques; Other members of the family were also distinguished soldiers, and the manor was elevated to an earldom and a marquisate in reward for their services.

His parents, José (Joseph) Duvergé, who was the son of Alejandro (Alexander) Duverger, and María (Marie) Duval, were mulatto Creoles from the French colony of Saint Domingue, probably of a comfortable economic position, living in Mirebalais, a town in the central zone.

Like so many other owners, they were forced to emigrate from Saint Domingue to Dominican territory (at that time the Spanish Santo Domingo), for having expressed solidarity with the positions of the mulatto sector of "free old men" who confronted the rise of the freed slaves.

The position of his parents in Puerto Rico could not be relieved, so, like thousands of Dominican emigrants, they decided to return to Santo Domingo as soon as the threat of war disappeared, following the division of Haiti into two States.

On the Dominican side, Duvergé highlights effective and fruitful national solidarity: Your government reminds us through its proclamation that African blood circulates through our veins, and who among us has doubted it?

Take a look at all our civil and military employees of all categories, you will see them indistinctly tinted by the various colors that human nature produces, and you will distinguish only one scale to ascend to the highest positions in the Republic, virtue.An interesting chapter in Duverge's existence was his marriage, in 1831, to the also mulatto, María Rosa Montás, born in Mirebalais and whose father, the Haitian Juan Claudio (Duson) Clebride, was a justice of the peace of the community of San Cristobal for 1828.

Wood cutting was generally undertaken by the former owners of cattle herds and by a category of what is today designated as the middle class, located between the large merchants of the port and the peasantry.

His role as a soldier should rather be attributed to his relative social status as a small logging businessman and the skills acquired in the years of hard work in the mountains.

Duvergé was so committed to the preparations that, on February 28, he appeared before the city walls in order to receive direct instructions from the leaders of the movement regarding how to confront Buenaventura Báez's opposition to the break with Haiti.

He passed by San Cristóbal, where others were in charge of making arrangements for the organization of the new order, but he stopped in Baní to collaborate with Joaquín Objío in pronouncing the end of Haitian rule.

[4] His work was facilitated by the existence of a widely shared state of opinion that led to the willingness to fight being assumed by a considerable portion of the adult male population.

The Haitian advances found at the Fuente del Rodeo, the opposition of the few Dominican troops commanded by Fernando Tavera, who achieved a fragile victory.

[5] As head of the entire troop in Azua, Santana was able to assess the efficiency with which Duvergé performed, both during the preparations and in the hustle and bustle of combat itself, on March 19, where he occupied the most difficult position in the vanguard.

On the other hand, Herard decided not to advance beyond the lands abandoned by the Dominicans, which was influenced by the fear of suffering a new defeat and the awareness that conspiracies to overthrow him swarmed behind him.

Despite the paralysis that rendered the Haitian army useless, Santana decided not to move, an attitude motivated both by military considerations and political calculation, to clear the way for a French intervention.

[6] However, he was forced to change his immobility when he received news that the enemy army was seeking to envelop his positions from the north, after failing along the coastal road, subjected to fire from several Dominican merchant schooners that were shelled.

Hérard ordered a troop to attack El Maniel (today San José de Ocoa), and Sagrana deployed a contingent to confront it, to whose head he appointed Duvergé.

Santana, lacking faith in national independence and imbued with rigid conservative criteria, was interested only in gaining time so that the Government Junta could obtain the protectorate of France.

[7] When Santana assumed the presidency of the Central Government Board, in mid-July, he appointed Duvergé as head of the Southern Expeditionary Front with the rank of brigade general.

In advance of the massive incursion plan, the Haitian army deployed restricted assaults, in one of which it managed to dislodge the Dominicans from Cachimán, seen as the key to the next phase of the offensive on the southern border.

Taking advantage of the moral effect of this triumph, in the following days he arranged an advance on the Dominican territories still controlled by the Haitians, an effort that proved fruitless.

Between July and September 1845, the Dominican army, led by Duvergé, carried out maneuvers until it once again managed to gain control over Las Matas de Farfán and restrict the war to the border area.

After various troop movements, General Puello fought in La Estrelleta, a savanna near the Matayaya River, where he inflicted an unprecedented defeat on the Haitian army.

It is likely, in any case, that in light of his experience, he considered it necessary to overthrow the autocracy, and therefore decided to show solidarity with Báez, who was the object of support from all the sectors that questioned Santana.

In contrast to the treatment that the despot gave to the conspirators arrested in Santo Domingo, to whom he commuted the capital punishment, he ratified the sentence of Duvergé and the rest involved in El Seibo, including two of his children.

They were accompanied to the scaffold by Commander Juan María Albert, the Trinidadian Tomás de la Concha and the Spaniard Pedro José Dalmau.

The green eyes, of a pure and sweet hue, hid in the depths a ray of energy that rushed at the moment of action as if his pupils were flashing lightning.

Noble coat of arms of the du Vergier family of La Rochejaquelein
San Cristobal was very important in most of the general's life
Francisco del Rosario Sanchez , second founding father of the Dominican Republic and personal friend of Duvergé
Illustration by Don Pedro Santana
Bust of Antonio Duvergé Duval in Parque Independencia , Santo Domingo , Dominican Republic.