Antonovka (Russian: Антоновка, Polish: Antonówka) is a group of late-fall or early-winter apple cultivars with a strong acid flavor that have been popular in Russia, including during Tsarist and Soviet times, as well as in Poland and Belarus.

Some varieties of Antonovka were bred by pioneer Russian naturalist and plant breeder Ivan V. Michurin at his experimental orchard in the Tambov Oblast and introduced in 1888.

[3] Antonovka is a cultivar of vernacular selection, which began to spread from the region of Kursk in Russia during the 19th century.

[6] The popularity of the Antonovka tree is enhanced by its ability to sustain long harsh winters, typical in many regions of Eastern Europe and Russia.

[7] Extremely tolerant of cold weather, and because it produces a single, deep taproot (unusual among apple trees), Antonovka is propagated for use as a rootstock.