The station is located in the Anyang One neighborhood, in Manan District, Seoul.

The station's sole exit offers access to Enter-6 Mall, which occupies the same building.

Anyang Station opened as a stop-off on the Gyeongbu Line, which it remains today, on January 1, 1905.

On August 15, 1974, services on the Seoul Subway began stopping at Anyang.

The current station building was completed in December 2001, and three years later, on January 20, 2005, express subway services from Seoul to Suwon began calling at Anyang.