Apalachee Province

By 1000 A.D., the indigenous people developed agriculture and cultivated numerous plants, particularly varieties of maize, as the main staple food.

Native Americans lived in scattered villages made up of farmsteads but gradually developed agricultural surpluses that allowed more population density.

The elite organized workers to construct complex earthwork mounds for religious, political and ceremonial purposes.

After the Spanish began colonization and brought in missions, they called this cultural area the Apalachee Province.

The Apalachee Province was heavily depopulated with Carolina Governor James Moore's raids into the area during Queen Anne's War.

Map detail showing northwestern Florida, including the region of the Spanish Apalachee Province. This area was the scene of the 1704 Apalachee massacre, but does not accurately represent the location of all of the missions affected.