Aphaenogaster mayri is an extinct species of ant in formicid subfamily Myrmicinae known from a series of Late Eocene fossils found in North America.

The insects and plants suggest a climate similar to modern southeastern North America, with a number of taxa represented that are now found in the subtropics to tropics and confined to the Old World.

When A. mayri was described, the Florissant formation was considered to be Miocene in age, based on the flora and fauna preserved.

The etymology for the specific epithet mayri was not given with the type description, but is likely in honour of the Austrian entomologist Gustav Mayr.

Male A. mayri are distinguished from queens by their smaller size, being around 6.0 millimetres (0.24 in) in length and having a head capsule with a triangular outline.