Lebias Goldfuss, 1820 (invalid name) Micromugil Gulia, 1861 Aphanius, commonly referred to as Mediterranean killifish, is a genus of the order Cyprinodontiformes in the family Aphaniidae.

They are found in fresh and brackish waters in the coastal plains of the Mediterranean region.

However, the family Aphaniidae was split in 2020, and species were reallocated to eight monophyletic genera.

[1] Following the split, there are two valid species:[1] Fossils of extinct species, including A. crassicaudatus and A. yerevanicus, are known as far back as the Early Miocene of the Mediterranean and Caucasus regions.

[3] are Fossils of Aphanius are found in strata of the Pleistocene of Italy (age range: from 11.608 to 5.332 million years ago.).