Aquilegia sibirica, the Siberian columbine, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae native to the north-central Asian regions of Siberia, northern Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Xinjiang.

In Mongolia, A. sibirica is considered a medicinal herb and extracts from the plant have been determined to act as an antifungal agent.

[11] The flower is bisexual and features fruit that is indehiscent (meaning it does not split to release seeds) in the form of a follicle.

[13] The Siberian columbine was first described with the binomial Aquilegia sibirica in 1783 within Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's botanical volume for Encyclopédie Méthodique.

[2] Aquilegia species evolved relatively quickly after first appearing during the Late Miocene around 6.9 million years ago in East Asia.

Aquilegia species diversified quickly and spread into both Europe and North America before migrating back into Asia.

As a result, they are a well-known model system in evolutionary biology but confirming an accurate phylogenetic tree showing the relationships between the species in the genus has proved difficult.

[23] A. sibirica and Aquilegia ecalcarata diverged as separate species between 4.5 and 6 million years ago and remain cross-compatible.

This research identified a gene named POPVICH (POP) as responsible for cell proliferation during the early stage of spur development.

[7] Aquilegia sibirica is native to the north-central Asian regions of Siberia, northern Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Xinjiang.

[31] It generally is found in lower elevation habitats while Aquilegia glandulosa occupies higher areas in roughly the same regions.

[4][note 4] Finnish research has suggested that A. sibirica is among the Siberian and Far Eastern plants that could prove valuable for northern landscaping.