Arapaho music

The Arapaho are a tribe of Native Americans from the western Great Plains, in the area of eastern Colorado and Wyoming.

Traditional music uses terraced descent type melodic motion, with songs consisting of two sections, each with a range of more than an octave and scales of four to six tones.

In 1891, the religion was outlawed by the United States, leading to a rebellion among the adherents and culminating in the Wounded Knee Massacre.

Music was an integral part of the Ghost Dance, and included folk songs that were retained long after the movement ended (ibid, 151).

The buttons of the cactus, when chewed, act as a hallucinogen used in the ancient Aztec religion and continued by area tribes to the present.