The Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Colombo (Latin: Archidioecesis Columbensis in Taprobane) is a Latin metropolitan archdiocese of the Roman Catholic Church, whose ecclesiastical province covers all Sri Lanka plus the Maldives (which are within the archbishopric).

The current archbishop of Colombo, appointed by Pope Benedict XVI on 16 June 2009, is Cardinal Malcolm Ranjith.

It lost territory on April 20, 1883, to establish the then Apostolic Vicariate of Kandy (now its suffragan diocese) Pope Leo XIII elevated it to Metropolitan Archdiocese of Colombo on September 1, 1886.

The bishop gave his permission, and as a result the temporary structure was built and dedicated to St. Theresa.

In 1951, construction started and in 1952 Archbishop Thomas Cooray has handed over the church to Dominican fathers.