The episcopal see is situated in the cathedral of S. Stephen in Vienna.

These four dioceses together constitute the ecclesiastical province of Vienna, one of only two ecclesiastical provinces of Austria, the other under the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Salzburg.

The archepiscopal see is vacant as of 22 January 2025 after the retirement of Cardinal Christoph Schoenborn.

At the request of the Emperor Frederick III, the Diocese of Vienna was established by Pope Paul II on 18 January 1469, out of territory taken from the Diocese of Passau.

Cardinal Joseph Othmar von Rauscher (1853–1875) presided over a provincial synod in the cathedral of S. Stephen in Vienna in October 1858.