Archduchess Maria Elisabeth of Austria (13 December 1680 in Linz – 26 August 1741 in Mariemont, Morlanwelz), was the governor of the Austrian Netherlands between 1725 and 1741.

In 1725, she was appointed Prince Eugene of Savoy's successor as the regent governor of the Austrian Netherlands by her brother, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor.

She had enough financial means at her disposal to uphold an elaborate court which stimulated culture and music.

The architect Jean-Andre Anneessens designed the Château of Mariemont for her, where she spent her summers.

She was first buried in Brussels, then moved to Vienna in 1749 to the Imperial Crypt next to her brother Charles.